ABSTRACT
We identify major genetic engineering tools and methods developed to date, most targeting the spike protein and virus interaction with host cells. The rapid development of the vaccine and of antigenic and serological tests is the main achievement of one of the darkest pages of human history in the 21st century. This success relies on our capacity to sequence and manipulate genomes. It is also the result of major developments in the understanding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle-East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. These viruses were responsible for major outbreaks which foreshadow the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic. The major role of the SARS-CoV2 spike protein in the host interaction was rapidly confirmed. Subcloning and expression in various vectors enable the development of highly protective antidisease vaccines. A wide range of assays involving recombinant cell lines and vectors allows researchers to search for the next therapies. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.